Rethinking energy transitions in Southern cities: Urban and infrastructural heterogeneity in Dar es Salaam

Despite increasing attention to the complex geographies of energy supply and use in Southern cities, research is still largely focusing on transitions evolving either through homogeneous, networked electricity or heterogeneous constellations poor neighborhoods. Central this are analytical concepts used explain Northern such as notion socio-technical regimes. In paper, we argue for a better recognition realities cities Global South, including their diverse urban development patterns. Bringing together debates infrastructures transitions, propose novel framework that systematically captures infrastructural heterogeneity understand systems growing cities. Drawing case study Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, develop spatial typology using three dimensions: delivery channels, neighborhood scale, scale. Based in-depth studies six distinct local types, reveal spatially interplay within city. We academia policy practice need more address patterns co-evolution with place-based context-specific challenges opportunities.